国际贸易（外贸）法律实务 之四：如何选择争议解决方式

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国际贸易（外贸）法律实务
之四：如何选择争议解决方式
Legal Affairs of International Trade
P4: How to select approach of dispute settlement
纪伟传  北京大成(青岛)律师事务所
Ji Weichuan    Beijing Dentons Law Offices, LLP（Qingdao）

国际贸易必然伴随着争议，如何选择争议解决方式是外贸人必须严肃对待的问题。常见的有三种争议解决方式：
It is inevitable that international trade is along with dispute. It is a very serious issue of how to select approach of dispute settlement.
一、协商。双方能通过协商的方式最好不过，这是效率最高、成本最低的争议解决方式。但不是所有的争议都能通过协商解决。
        Negotiation. The best approach is negotiation which is the most effective, cheapest. But unfortunately, not all of the disputes could be settled through negotiation.
二、仲裁。仲裁必须双方之间存有仲裁协议。仲裁的好处是时间一般比法院快，仲裁裁决能在世界上170个国家和地区得到承认和执行；不利之处是仲裁费用一般比较高。
        Arbitration. An arbitration agreement between both of the parties is the precondition for going to arbitration center. The advantages of arbitration are that it goes faster than an court in generally and its award could be admitted and executed in 170 nations and territories worldwide.
三、诉讼。诉讼适用于没有仲裁协议的情形。一般说来，原告既可以在本国法院起诉，也可以到被告所在地法院起诉。如果双方所在国家存有互相承认和执行民事判决双边或多边司法互助协议，则建议在原告所在地国家法院起诉；如果没有，则建议在被告所在地国家法院起诉。随着世界上有些国家法院基于互惠原则承认他国法院民事判决的趋势越来越明显，即使没有相关司法互助协议，也可以考虑在原告所在地国家法院起诉。
    Lawsuit. Lawsuit will be applied when there is no arbitration agreement. Generally speaking, a plaintiff could file a lawsuit against the opposite party in the plaintiff’s domicile country or the defendant’s domicile country. I shall suggest that the plaintiff files the lawsuit in her domicile country when there are bilateral or multilateral judicial cooperation pact between the two countries, by which the one country’s judgment could admitted and executed by the other country. If no, the plaintiff should file the lawsuit in the defendant’s domicile’s country. There is an obvious trend that some countries admit and execute other countries’judgments on comity. A plaintiff may file the lawsuit in his country even without relevant judicial cooperation pact.